Should I Take Aspirin or Put a Gun To My Head?
A recent report from the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) shows that daily aspirin in people without a history of heart disease will prevent heart attacks in men, and strokes in women. In both groups the benefit of heart attack or stroke prevention needs to be weighed against the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. The guidelines state that men over 45 and women over 55 should take a daily aspirin. And that noone over 80 should take aspirin. The investigators concluded that aspirin doses of greate than 100 mg per day (i.e. more than baby aspirin) did not add additional benefit.
An analysis of the published literature of people without heart disease examined a total of 51,342 women and 44,114 men from a range of studies who did not heart disease but had risk factors for heart disease (Berger et al 2006). Daily aspirin in women reduced cardiovascular disease by 12%, which was statistically significant, with a 17% reduction in stroke and no effect on heart attacks or cardiovascular mortality. However for any given woman, the absolute risk reduction, or how much the risk of heart attack was reduced in that individual, was only 0.3% over a six year period. And aspirin increased the risk of major bleeding by 68%. For men there was a 14% reduction of cardiovascular events primarily related to a 32% reduction in heart attacks with no effect on strokes or cardiovascular mortality. That translated into a .37% absolute reduction over a six year period. And men had a 72% increase in major bleeding. Aspirin did not save any lives in men or women. And as pointed out by Mrs. Bremner for every stroke in women or heart attack in men that is prevented by aspirin, there is one major gastrointestinal bleeding event caused by aspirin.
For men with a history of heart disease, taking baby aspirin every day can reduce your risk of death from heart disease by about 17% (ATC 2002). Translated, this means you are reducing your risk by about 1% per year. Although technically the risk of stomach bleeding is outweighed by the heart benefits of aspirin (which can only be shown when large numbers of patients are studied), in terms of what that means to you the differences are clinically meaningless.
In patients with strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) aspirin plus dipyridamole (a blood vessel dilator) was shown to be associated with a 13% rate of cardiovascular event compared to 16% on aspirin alone, a difference that was statistically significant (Esprit 2006).
Overall, I think aspirin for disease prevention is a bunch of hooey invented by cardiologists. My father almost died from bleeding from taking aspirin for such a purpose.
A friend of mine used the aspirin story to illustrate how incredibly weak some clinical trial data really was.
ATC (2002): Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration: Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. British Medical Journal 324:71-86.
Berger JS, Roncaglioni MC, Avanzini F, Pangrazzi I, Tognoni G, Brown DL (2006): Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in women and men: A sex-specific meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Medical Association 295:306-313.
Esprit (2006): Aspirin plus dipyridamole versus aspirin alone after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): randomised controlled trial. The Lancet 367:1665-1673.
Hat tip to CDC Mole.
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By Gianna, March 18, 2009 @ 4:30 pm
this I will indeed be passing on…thank you!!
By Gina Pera, March 18, 2009 @ 5:18 pm
I agree — hooey!
Someone needs to take some of these cardiologists by the hand and provide an anatomy lesson — the heart is connected to the brain is connected to the GI is connected to every thing else in the body. As long as they keep viewing the heart as a standalone organ, they’ll keep dishing out these moronic measures.
Take your fish oil, magnesium, and B vitamins. Get enough exercise and sleep. Forget the aspirin.
By Philip Rudnick, March 18, 2009 @ 6:30 pm
There are numerous nutraceuticals with important health benefits which also act as natural, mild and safe anticoagulants/anti-platelet aggregation
A partial list:
Ginger
Turmeric/Curcumin
EGCG in Green Tea
Chamomile
Inositol Hexaphosphate
NATURAL Vitamin E – mixed (4) tocopherols
Aged, odorless garlic (Kyolic)
EPA omega-3 fatty acid
Resveratrol
(references available upon request,or go to Medline -
http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd
and type in “ginger anticoagulant” or “ginger platelet”, “turmeric anticoagulant” or turmeric platelet” etc.)
None of these has the side effects and dangers of aspirin, Plavix or Coumadin.
By Gina Pera, March 18, 2009 @ 7:17 pm
That’s an excellent list, Philip — and tasty, too!
By Doug Bremner, March 18, 2009 @ 8:30 pm
Just saw a Plavix ad on TV. They said it reduces your risk of heart attack and showed some nifty graphics. They should make them say that it reduces it by a fraction of a percent and will increase your risk of bleeding. I am sure then they would take off those stupid ads. Here is my older post on plavix.
http://www.beforeyoutakethatpill.com/index.php/2009/01/28/remind-me-why-i-am-on-plavix/
By Therapy Patient, March 18, 2009 @ 9:38 pm
What about “safety coated enteric aspirin”? That’s what I use for a headache (though it takes 2-3 HOURS to work for a headache). Do those just cause bleeding farther down, or do they actually prevent bleeding?
By Therapy Patient, March 18, 2009 @ 9:41 pm
I heard this on Prairie Home Companion on Saturday 3/14 during their “bad jokes” show:
A: I decided to commit suicide, so I bought 50 BOTTLES of aspirin to do the job.
B: What happened? How come you aren’t dead?
A: After I took 2, I felt better.
By Doug Bremner, March 18, 2009 @ 10:57 pm
the issue is taking daily aspirin to prevent a heart attack in someone without heart disease, and the answer is that it is basically useless.